If you’re in the HVACR industry, you’ve no doubt heard a lot about R-744 as the solution for low GWP.
But when one looks past the hype, are CO2 systems delivering? While we are still learning about their real-world performance, emerging facts show that CO2 systems are long on hype – but falling short on performance. As with many things, there is the marketing and then there is the reality.
Recent findings from Eurovent Certification, a leading authority in HVACR product certification, reveal some concerning issues with R-744. Here’s what you need to know:
1) Marketing Claims vs. Reality: Eurovent Certification found “wide discrepancies of up to 31% between the manufacturers’ claimed performance and its own test results of uncertified CO2 gas coolers.” Because there is no legal requirement to have performance data independently verified, CO2 system manufacturers can conduct their own tests and reporting.
2) Widespread Underperformance: The study uncovered significant underperformance across all 48 tested products. With deviations ranging from 12% to 31%, and an average underperformance of 23%, CO2 systems are falling short of both marketing claims and expected performance in real-world applications.
3) Complexity of CO2 Systems: Eurovent Certification notes that “CO2 has its own unique properties, which require a unique testing process and correction factors to achieve accurate results.” This complexity makes these systems vulnerable to performance discrepancies and challenges in predicting reliability and efficiency across different operational conditions.
These findings reinforce the importance of approaching CO2 systems with caution. The technology is still maturing, and operators considering a switch to R-744 should weigh this decision carefully.
Fortunately, operators have other options they can feel confident adopting. From sustainability and cost to safety and performance, low-GWP HFCs, HFOs, and blends are sensible and reliable alternatives.
For a deeper dive, watch our explainer video: Pressure Points: Downsides of CO2, and read our RAC News listicle: Five Facts To Consider Before Switching To CO2.
